From .doc / .docx
You can load the file into Word, select all the text, and copy that and paste it into your post. You will lose all of the formatting like headings, underlines, bold, including, sometimes, the separation between paragraphs. So, after you paste the text into your post you will need to do a lot of cleanup to restore what was lost.
There is another approach. You can load the file into Word, then save it as an HTML document, the follow the instructions for converting HTML documents. This has more steps but you lose a little less formatting, but still almost all of it.
From .htm / .html
You can load the HTML document into your browser, select all the text, and copy that and paste it into your post. You will lose most of the formatting like headings, underlines, bold, including, sometimes, the separation between paragraphs. So, after you paste the text into your post you will need to do a lot of cleanup to restore what was lost.
There is another approach. You can use an online HTML to BBCode converter. I don't have one to recommend though. I've tried many of them and they were all seriously lacking. I found that I would still have to do a lot of cleanup and also some repair.
I have created a converter of my own that does a pretty good job. Be sure to check the notes at the bottom of this page. HTMLToBBCode.php
Formatting
Once the text is in the post, you will need to restore the formatting that was lost. There are buttons above the post entry field that handle the most common formatting like bold, underline, quotes, bullets, etc. They insert text like
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[u][/u]
There are some others you can type in manually.
Superscript:
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[sup][/sup]
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[highlight][/highlight]
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[imgs=style]ImageURL[/imgs]
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[divblock]Text[/divblock]
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[linebreak]